Why do birds fly in V shape?

Migratory birds in V Formation, travel over long distances
| Photo Credit: mbolina

Just like how takeoff and landing are crucial for an airplane, the same applies to birds. Migratory birds often fly in a V-shape, a process known as bird flight. This unique movement is guided by the principles of aerodynamics, specifically lift and drag, helping them travel efficiently over long distances.

The smart science

Birds like geese and pelicans fly in a V-shape to conserve energy during long migrations. The lead bird works the hardest, facing the most wind resistance, while the ones behind take advantage of the airflow it creates.

As a bird flaps its wings, the air behind it moves in two ways: some is pushed downward (downwash), while some at the sides is pushed upward (upwash). Birds flying slightly behind and to the side position themselves in this upwash zone, where the rising air gives them a small lift. This reduces their effort, allowing them to fly longer distances with less energy—almost like catching a free ride on the air currents created by their flock-mates!

Fun fact

• Fighter jets use the same technique in formations to reduce air resistance and save fuel!

• Birds at the back of the V have a lower heart rate and flap their wings less often compared to those in the front.

 Nature is full of smart tricks, and birds have mastered teamwork in the skies!